Oil and engine cooling system



Feb. 9, 1937. E. o. SCHJOLIN 2,070,094

OIL AND ENGINE COOLING SYSTEM Filed Oct. 26, 1929 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Idagmmliw WWW/6 7 Feb. 9," 1937. ,E. o. SCHJOLIN 2,070,094

OIL AND ENGINE COOLING SYSTEM- Eiled Oct. 26, 1929 4 Sheets-Shut 2gwvmtoo Feb. 9, 1937. Q SCHJQLIN 2,070,094

OIL AND ENGINE COOLING SYSTEM Filed Oct. -26,- 1929 4 Sheets-Sheet 3gmmtoa Fgb. 9, 1937. E. o. SCHJOL-IN 2,070,094

OIL AID ENGINE COOLING SYSTEM Patented Feb. 9, 1937 OIL AND ENGINECOOLING SYSTEM Eric 0. Schjolin, Pontiac, Mich, assignor to Yellow Truck& Coach Manufacturing Com pany, Pontiac, Mich., a corporation of MaineApplication October 26, 1929, Serial No. 402,694 17 Claims. (01. rza-ms)This invention relates to the cooling of lubricant oils used uponwater-cooled engines; and it contemplates not only the use of specialwater circuits but the use of special oil circuits,one

means whereby circulation through the auxiliary radiator or section maybe automatically deferred during a warming-up period, and including alsovarious features adapting a single oil tank to be preferred embodimentincluding anoil cooler and used (upon busses, trucks, or the like) inconan oilpump in a delivery line from an oil tank nection with aplurality of engines, each assoto an engine, an oil pump in a returnline from ciated with a side radiator or radiator sections, the enginesump to said tank, and thermostatic and including also various preferredsubcombimeans for operating a valve controlling a bynations or detailsof constructionandrelationship, pass between cooling-water circuits, andthereby may be best appreciated from the following devarying the flowand the temperature of water scription of an ilustrative embodiment ofthe advanced to said cooler. invention, taken in connection with theappended As in the case of the prior invention of Ramclaims and theaccompa y drawingssaur, as described and claimed in application Figure 1is a highly conventionalized diagram Serial No. 354,245, filed April 11,1929, it is an indicating the separate circulations of (1) oilobject ofthis invention to provide internal comtempering water, in an outercircuit, (2) enginebustion engines with distinct but conditionallycooling water in an inner circuit (stippled) and intercommunicatingcircuits for a heat exchange (3) oil (via small pipes)-a by-pass valve,between liquid such as water,one of said circuits being the first andsecond circuits, being shown as theremployed, in a known manner, to coolan engine mostatlcally closed, as in normal running. block andassociated parts and the other of said Figure 2 is adiagram similar toFigure 1, but circuits being employed exclusively in cooling showing thementioned valve as shifted to an lubricating oil; and, in preferredembodiments, initial oil-warming position, whereby engine-coolthisinvention contemplates not only the use of ing water is diverted intothe oil-tempering water the mentioned plurality of oil pumps (optionallycircuit, the mentioned by-pass being opened. I driven from one shaft orotherwise consolidated Stippling is herein applied additionally to theonly into a single unit) and the use of a plurality of portion of theoil-tempering water circuit which separate or consolidated water pumps,but the use is functional under the conditions referred to; of anover-flow by-pass or by-passes, one of these and optional features ofmodification are sugbeing preferably provided between separate fagested,3o diators or radiator sections; and the use also of a Figure 3 is a topplan view, with parts broken v n roll by-p s, which is Subject toregaway, showing one of a pair of side-facing seculation by saidthermostatic means, for a protional radiators and associated partsappropriate portioning effect in the admission of water to to a,twin-engine installation in an automotive and/or the exit of water fromone or both of said vehicle. Pumps- Figure 41s, for the most part, avertical sectional It is a further Object of this invention o proview,on a slightly larger scale, through a water vide a special pumporganization with which four pump organization having four conduitconnecconduits communicate, a single set of vanes and tions,--said pumpbeing provided with a thermoa mentioned valve being effective to varythe statically or otherwise remotely controllable valve. flow of coolingwater, or the like, therethrough; This view may be regarded as takensubstantially and it is also an object of this invention to proasindicated by the broken line 44 of Figure 3. vide a radiator assemblyspecialized with refer- Figure 5 shows the organization shown in Fi enceto the use of a main radiator section and an ure 4 from substantiallythe viewpoint indicated auxiliary radiator section for cooling normallyby the arrow 5 of Figure 4.parts being shown in 45 separate streams ofwater, or the 1ike,a front plan and other parts being broken away tolevels set of tubes being preferably included in the auxindicated bylines 5-5 of Figures 4 and 6. iliary radiator and its water beingcirculated Figure 6 is a partial vertical sectional view through a heatexchange unit normally used in taken substantially as indicated by thebroken cooling the lubricating oil. Said radiator aslines 6-6 of Figures3 and 5. o

sembly may include means permitting a conditional overflow from one ofsaid sections into the other; and cross flow tubes are preferablyincluded in the auxiliary radiator or section.

other objects of this i vention, in luding Figure '7 is a fragmentarysection through the organization shown in Figures 4, 5, and 6 takensubstantially as indicated by line 'I--| of Figure 8, but with a by-passvalve positioned differently than in Figure 4.

Figure 8 is a fragmentary view of the organization shown in Figures 4,5, 6, and 7, partly in plan, partly as suggested by the lines 8-8 ofFigures 6 and 7 and partly in section on the line 8'-8' of Figure 4.

Figure 9 is a vertical sectional detail view, taken substantially asindicated by the broken line 9--9 of Figure 8..

Figure 10 is a detail vertical sectional view, taken substantially asindicated by the line ||I| ll of Figure 8.

Referring first to diagrammatic Figure 1, a cooling circuit for engineII is shown as comprising, in addition to a main radiator or radiatorsection l2, a hot water pipe or radiator feed conduit I3 and also areturn conduit in the form of pipes l4, l5, |',a pump or pump section i3of this element from a position such as that illustrated in full linesin Figure 1 to a position such as that therein shown in dotted linesbeing efi'ective both to discontinue circulation through pipe 28 and toopen communication of a by-pass between pipes l5 and 2|, to vary thetemperature of the heat-transfer liquid fed to unit II. The manipulationof valve 22 may be effected by remote and/or automatic means such as athermostat 23, shown as connected with a lever arm on the shaft of valve22 by means of a rod 25,-a low temperature within the thermostat 23being effective to hold open the by-pass 26, and thereby to admit asuitable proportion of the somewhat wanner engine-cooling water into theoil-tempering water circuit.

A lubricating oil circuit which includes the en gine I and the oilcooler or tempering unit I"! may compriseboth a pipe or conduit 21,leading from said "cooler", or from the thermostat 23, to the engine II,and a pipe or conduit 23 leading from the sump or oil pan (not shown) ofsaid engine through a pump 23 to a main oil tank or reservoir 30.-meanssuch as an additional (pressure-feed) oil pump 3|, connected with thetank 30 and the cooler H by pipes 32 and 33 being preferably alsoincluded in said oil circuit in case the tank 30 is not a pressure tank.

a As hereinafter more fully indicated, the water pump sections l6, Itmay be combined into a single unit driven by or from means such as a fanshaft 34 or a shaft 34, coupled therewith; and the oil pumps 29 and 3|may be indirectly driven from the same shaft, as by means of a gear 35on said shaft and a cooperating gear 36 on a drive shaft 31, shown ascommon to the lastmentioned pumps. ater replenishment may be effected bycommon means such as one or more elevated water tanks 33, shown ascommunicating by a pipe or pipes 33 with the main radiator feed conduitor conduits l3.

My invention may be applied to two engine installations such as arefound on some automotive vehicles by equipping both engines with enginecooling and lubricating systems and lubricant cooling systems of thetype shown in Figure 1 and heretofore described. This is indicated inFigure 1 by the showing of the parts I1, 28, 29', 3|, 33

and 40'. These parts are similar to the parts bearing the same referencecharacters unprimed and are to be understood as constituting elements ofthe lubricating system of an engine (not shown) similar to thatdesignated by the reference character II. The engine and lubricantcooling systems of the two engines are preferably entirely independentof each other, but as Figure 1 shows the lubricating systems of the twoengines preferably communicate with a single reservoir 3|).

.When dry-sump operation is intended, the scavenging pumps 29 (and 29')of the system (or the respective twin systems) may be larger than thepressure pump 3| (or the respective pressurefeed pumps 3|, 3|)delivering into the cooler l1 (and I1) and the capacity of the waterpump or pum section I6 may exceed that of pump or pump section It inproportion as the maximum volume of water to behandled in theengine-cooling circuit exceeds that to be handled in the oil coolingcircuit.

Whether or not filtration means are included within either or both ofthe mentioned water circuits, strainers such as are diagrammaticallysuggested at 40, 40, may advantageously be provided either in connectionwith the inlets or the outlets of the main oil tank 30, or itsequivalent; and, in order to provide not only for unequal thermalexpansion of the water in therespective cooling circuits described butto permit an advance of oil cooling or warming water through the pipes2| and I3 even when the valve 22 occupies that dotted-line positionwhich precludes circulation through pipe 20, additional and conditionalcommunication is preferably provided between the described coolingcircuits,as by a by-pass in the form of a spillway or overflowconnection at 4| between the mentioned radiators or radiator sections;and one advantageous type of radiator organization including featuressuitable for the purpose last referred to will next be described.

Referring to Figure 3, longitudinal chassis or frame elements such asare indicated at 42 and 42' may directly or indirectly support not onlythe mentioned engines H but also radiator organizations each includingboth an inwardly disposed main radiator section l2 and a forwardly oroutwardly disposed auxiliary radiator section |8,-these being shown asincluding a common outer wall or frame element 63. The main radiatorsection is shown as including, in addition to cross-flow tubes 44,upright headers 45 and 45' (with which the pipes l3 and I6 respectivelycommunicate) and the auxiliary radiator section may comprise cross-flowtubes 48,terminating within an upright intake header 4! (with which thepipe IQ of the oil cooling water circuit is connected) and within anoutlet header 41' (with which the out-flow pipe 20, leading toward thecooler i1 but conditionally closed by valve 22, is

connected). A valveless but conditionally effective overflow or by-passconnection may be provided, as at 4 by suitably aperturing oreliminating an upper part of a partition wall, common to intake headers45 and 41. Partition wall 4| need not be correspondingly apertured.

Referring further to Figure 3, bearing arms 49 and 50 are suggested forthe support of the extension 34' of the shaft of the fan 34" from amentioned frame element 42'; the mentioned water pumps or pump sectionsare combined into a single unit |6| 6, with which both the enginecoolingwaterpipes it and I5 and also the oilcooling water pipes 20 and I9 areconnected; 7

, cooler I! may be combined with the pump unit;

and the thermostat unit 23 is shown so supported, opposite the coolerII, as to permit a relatively direct flow of cooled oil therebetween,through a short pipe or conduit 5|, for delivery into pipe 21, andthereby to the engine II.

As best shown in Figures 4, 5 and 7-10, the pumps I5 and I6 mayadvantageously include a casing or body comprising a main shell orsection 53, a terminal or thrust-bearing section 54 and avalve-containing base section 55. The sections 53 and 54 may be providedwith bearings for the shaft 34' and with connections at 51 and 58suitable for engine-cooling water intake pipe I4 and the correspondingdelivery pipe I5; and the valve-containing section 55 may be providedwith V threaded and/or flanged intake opening member 58 suitable forconnection with the auxiliary radiator pipe 20, and with a downwardlyinclined or other delivery conduit or passage 59,-which may lead to thecooling-water spaces of the oil cooler or tempering unit I'l.

Themain pump shell or section 53 is shown as provided with twoconcentric and substantially cylindrical chambers 60 and BI,sufllciently separated by an inwardly-extending head or partitioningelement 62; and oppositely projecting sets of vanes 53 and 54,comprising the rotors respectively of pump sections I5 and I6, are shownas carried by a single disk or radial web 55. In order at times tohandle the water of both circuits, vanes 54 may be the larger; and theweb 55 may be formed integral with a hub 56, keyed or otherwise securedto the shaft 34', or its equivalent-optional details of preferredconstruction being indicated in the drawing. It will be understood thatwhen this pump is connected as described, engine-cooling water enteringthrough the pipe I4 into the pump chamber 8| will, when the valve 22occupies the position shown infull lines in Figure 1 and in dotted:lines in Figures 4 and 7, be discharged therefrom through the outlet 55and the pipes I5, and I5 and will, when said valve occupies the positionin which it is shown in broken lines in Figure 1 and in solid lines inFigures 7, 8, and 9, be discharged from the chamber BI in part throughthe outlet 55 and the pipes I5 and I5 and in part downwardly, through apassage 61, into an intermediate chamber 58, in which the valve 22 islocated,rising thence through an upwardly-extending by-pass passage 25',and into the chamber 60 of the auxiliary pump section comprising vanes53. The depression of valve 22 to the position last referred to servesalso to close the intake passage through flanged member 58, communicating with the auxiliary radiator section pipe 20,therebypreventing advance of water through said section into pump chamber 50;and an intermediate positioning of the valve 2 accordingly impliesaproportioning of the relatively cool oil-cooling circuit water, asadmitted through pipe 20, and the relatively warm water of theengine-cooling water circuit, as admitted through pipe I4,the cool wateror warm water or any appropriate mixture thereof being, in any case,impelled by pump or pump section 15' (vanes 53) through the passage 59into the heat exchange unit I'I,'or its equivalent.

In preference to positioning the thermostat 23, or alternative means forremote control of the valve 22, within the engine II or within thecooler II or elsewhere, said thermostat may include a main body elementI0, suitable for attachment to the cooler-Ii and containing a bellowsII, of any suitable type. A movable end plate 12 of the illustratedbellows is shown as connected with an operating arm I3, upon shaft 14carrying the valve 22, by means of rod 25; the thermostat body elementI0 may cooperate with a cylindrical shell I5, having a flange 11, in theprovision of an oil chamber 18, surrounding the bellows II; the bellowsmay contain a sealed-in fluid, to produce expansion as warmed;cylindrical shell 15 may support said bellows by means of a central boss18'; and said shell may be retained by means such as a thermostatclosure element I9 engaging the flange 11 and directly or indirectlyproviding a stop for a spring 80, if employed. Said spring is shown asso interposed between the end plate I2 of bellows 'II and a, washer 8Ias incidentally toretain and compress a packing element or composition82,-

serving to exclude dust from a chamber 83, directly containing thebellows II. As best shown in Figures 4 and 8, a plate 84 may serve notonly as a closure element for the passage 58 in which the valve 22 ismovable, but to provide bearing bosses 85 and 85 for the shaft 14 ofsaid valve; and, in order to obviate leakage along said shaft, meanssuch as a usual or special gland may be provided. For the purpose lastreferred to, the boss 85 is shown as provided with a chamber 81 adaptedto retain packing 88 under a compression due to a compression spring 83.This spring is shown as surrounding the outer boss 88 and as interposedbetween a fixed stop 90 and a movable stop in the form of a washer9I,-the shaft 14 being provided with a cylindrical element 92, snuglyrotatable within the cylindrical chamber 87.

Although the cooler I! might have any preferred alternativeconstruction, said cooler is shown in Figures 6, 7, and 8 as comprisinga main body element 93. This is optionally integral with pump casting 55and It may be provided as at 94. with an opening for an oil inletfitting (with which the oil feed pipe 33 may be connected) and with asimilar opening 90 for an outlet fitting 9l,-with which the short pipe5|, leading to the thermostat 23, may be connected. Said cooler may alsoinclude a removable plate 98, shown as retained by means of bolts 99 andnuts I00, closing a bottom opening through which not only the fittings95 and 91 but any suitable heat exchange elements may be introduced. Forexample, a sheet metal shell IOI may be surrounded, near the respectiveends thereof. with rubber or similar gaskets I02 and I03, serving notonly to support the said shell but to define an inlet header space atI04 and an outlet header space at I05 in such manner that cooling wateris forced to pass transversely through spaces I05, provided between theconvolutlons of. flat or other oil-containing conduits I01, terminallycommunicating with the mentioned fittings 95 and 91: but the exactconfiguration of the heat-exchange conduits I0! is immaterial to thisinvention.

As has been incidentally indicated, the temperature of the cooling (orwarming) water advanced tlxough the spaces I06, to temper the oil inconduits I01, depends upon the position in departure from the scope ofthe present invention, many of the described elements might be replacedby known equivalents; and optional features of modification of thegeneral arrangement 5 of units in this cooling system are suggested inFigure 2. r

In the figurelast referred to, parts corresponding to those mentionedin'connection with Figure 1 being generally identified by the samereference characters but with an (1" added to each character, theengine-cooling water pump Ilia is shown as entirely distinct from theoil-cooling water pump Ilia, in order to obviate risk of any undueheating effect as a result of the combining of pump sections and/or thepositioning of a pump or pump section immediately in advance of thecooler Ila; but, as above indicated, it should be understood not onlythat various features of the present invention might. be independentlyemployed but also that the numerous modifications, additional to thosesuggested herein, might easily be devised,all within the scope of thepresent invention. I claim: 1. In an engine-cooling and lubricatingsystem: a main radiator section in a circuit for an enginecoolingheat-transfer liquid; an auxiliary radiator section in a circuit for alubricant temperature regulating liquid in which is included a heat 30transfer unit through which lubricant is adapted to flow in heatexchanging relation, to the temperature regulating liquid; means forvariably interconnecting and conditionally separating said circuits;means for advancing the liquid in said 35 circuits; and meansautomatically compensating for unequal expansion and flow in saidcircuits,- said last-mentioned means including an overflow connectionbetween said radiator sections.

2. In an engine-cooling and lubricating system: a main radiator sectionin a circuit for an enginecooling heat-transfer liquid; an auxiliaryradiator section in' a circuit for a lubricant temperature regulatingliquid in which is included a heat transfer unit through which lubricantis adapted to flow in heat exchanging relation to the temperatureregulating liquid; means for variably interconnecting and conditionallyseparating said circuits; means for advancing the liquid in saidcircuits; a lubricant reservoir and separate means for pumping lubricantthereto and therefiom relatively to said engine.

3. In an engine-cooling and lubricating system: a main radiator sectionin an engine-cooling circuit for a heat-transfer liquid; an auxiliaryradiator section in a circuit for a lubricant temperature regulatingliquid in which is included a heat transfer unit through which lubricantis adapted to flow in heat exchanging relation to the temperatureregulating liquid; and means for ad- 60 vancing said liquid in saidcircuits,said advancing means including pump means interiorly providedwith means for conditionally separating and interconnecting saidcircuits to vary the circulation of said heat-transfer liquid in both of65 said circuits and the feed to said heat transfer unit.

4. In an engine-cooling and lubricating system: a main radiator sectionin an engine-cooling circuit for a heat-transfer liquid; an auxiliaryradiator. section in a circuit for a lubricant temperature regulatingliquid in which is included a heat transfer unit through which lubricantis adapted to flow in heat exchanging relation to the temperatureregulating liquid; means for advancing said liquid in said circuits: anda thermostat external to said unit-4am advancing means including pumpmeans provided with internal means for conditionally separating andinterconnecting said circuits to vary the circulation of said liquid inone of said circuits and the feed to the heat transfer unit in responseto variations in the temperature of lubricant to which said cuits; saidcircuits being provided with overflow means of conditionalinterconnection between said radiator sections to compensateautomatically for unequal expansion and flow in said circuits and withthermostatically operated means for conditionally separating andinterconnecting the circuits at another point to vary the feed to theheat transfer unit.

6. For use in a two-circuit cooling system: a radiator organizationcomprising a main section and an auxiliary section having aconditionally eflective interconnection therebetween,at least one ofsaid sections being of cross-flow type.

'7. For use in a two-circuit cooling system: a radiator organizationcomprising a main section and an auxiliary section having aconditionally effective interconnection therebetween, said auxiliarysection being placed outwardly of said main section.

8. For use in a two-circuit cooling system: a radiator organizationcomprising a main section and an auxiliary section having aconditionally effective interconnection therebetween,-said organizationcomprising a common frame and said sections being provided with commonmeans of replenishment.

9. For use in a two-circuit cooling system: a centrifugal pumporganization having an inlet for connection to each of the circuits, anoutlet for connection to each of the circuits, and internal valve andby-pass means for varying the circulation therethrough.

10. For use in a two-circuit cooling system: a centrifugal pumporganization having an inlet for connection to each of the circuits, anoutlet for connection to each of the circuits, and internal valve andby-pass means for varying the circulation therethrough,-a heat-exchangeunit casting being formed integral with a casing of said pumporganization.

11. For use in a two-circuit cooling system: a centrifugal pumporganization having an inlet for connection to each of the circuits, anoutlet for connection to each of the circuits, and internal valve andby-pass means for varying the circulation therethrough, a heat-exchangeunit being directly connected to said pump organization and providedwith thermostatic means for moving said valve.

' 12. In apparatus of the type described, a heat exchanger whichincludes two sets of heat exchanging elements subject to a common volumeof temperature regulating medium so arranged that one set of heatexchanging elements is subjected to the action of the common volume oftemperature regulating medium after it has acted on the other set, afluid circuit of which one set of heat exchanging elements constitutesan element. and another fluid circuit of which the other I iected to theaction set of heat exchanging elements constitutes an element.

13. In apparatus of the class described, two circuits for fluids, meansin each circuit for circulating a fluid through it, and meansinterconnecting the first mentioned means so as to effectinter-communication between the two circuits. 1

14. The invention claimed in claim 13 plus temperature controlled meansfor regulating the interconnection. 15. In apparatus of the classdescribed, a fluid pump, a plurality of impeller chambers, passagesinterconnecting the impeller chambers, and temperature controlled meansregulating the flow of fluid through the passages.

16. In apparatus of the type described, a heat exchanger which includestwo sets of heat exchangingelements subject to a common volume oftemperature regulating medium so arranged that one set of heatexchanging elements ls-subof the common volume of temperature regulatingmedium after it has acted on the other set, a fluid circuit of which oneset of heat exchanging elements constitutes an element, another fluidcirc'uitpf which the other set of heat exchanging elements constitutesan element, and means 0! communication between the two sets of heatexchanging elements.

17. In an internal combustion engine, an engine cooling system whichincludes a liquid cooling radiator, a lubricating system which includesa heat exchanger, a lubricant cooling system which includes a liquidcooling radiator and the mentioned heat exchanger, interconnectionsbetween the engine cooling system and the lubricant cooling system, andmeans by which liquid from the lubricant cooling system. may becompelled to pass through the engine cooling system to reach the heatexchanger.

ERIC 0. SCHJOIIN.

